Urolithin powder

What is Urolithin A?

Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo-coumarins or dibenzo-α-pyrones. Urolithin A has been demonstrated to stimulate mitophagy and improve muscle health in old animals and in preclinical models of aging. Meanwhile, it also has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier, and may have neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s Disease.

Urolithin A powder is a natural product with antiproliferative and antioxidant activity. Urolithin A is formed by metabolism from polyphenols found in some nuts and fruits, particularly pomegranates. Its precursors – ellagic acids and ellagitannins – are ubiquitous in nature, including edible plants, such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, tea and muscat grapes, as well as many tropical fruits.

Since the 2000s, urolithin A has been subject of preliminary studies regarding its possible biological effects.

How does Urolithin A work?

Urolithin A is urolithin, a microbial human metabolite of dietary ellagic acid derivatives (such as ellagic acid). In the intestinal metabolism of bacteria, ellagitannin and ellagic acid lead to the formation Active urolithins A, B, C and D. Among them, urolithin A (UA) is the most active and effective intestinal metabolite, which can be used as an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

In laboratory studies, it has been shown that urolithin A induces mitochondria, which is the selective recovery of mitochondria through autophagy. Autophagy is a process of removing defective mitochondria after injury or stress, and is efficient during aging. lower and lower. This effect has been observed in different animal species (mammalian cells, rodents and Caenorhabditis elegans).

However, because the source of ellagitannin is different, the composition of each bacterial group will also be different, so the efficiency of conversion to urolithin A is very different in humans, and some people may not have any conversion.

Urolithin A benefits

Urolithin A (UA) is a natural diet, a metabolite derived from the microbial community. It has a variety of health benefits, including reducing inflammatory signaling, anti-cancer effects and inhibiting lipid accumulation.

As the most active and effective intestinal metabolite, urolithin A (UA) can act as an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. It can also stimulate mitochondrial phagocytosis in older animals and preclinical models of aging and improve muscle health.

Can the Urolithin A be used as supplements?

In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration classified urolithin A as a safe ingredient in food or dietary supplement products, with amounts ranging from 250 milligrams to 1 gram per serving.

Is there any side effects of Urolithin A?

Safety studies in older adults have shown that urolithin A is well tolerated. In vivo studies have not determined whether there are any toxicity or specific adverse effects of dietary urolitin A intake.

Also, long-term safety for supplementation of Urolithin A and pomegranate is not known, though short-term treatment with pomegranate extract is safe.

What is Urolithin B ? Urolithin B powder?

Urolithin B powder ( CAS NO :1139-83-9) is an urolithin, a type of phenolic compounds produced in the human gut after absorption of ellagitannins-containing food such as pomegranate,strawberries, red raspberries, walnuts or oak-aged red wine. Urolithin B is found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide.

Urolithin B decreases protein degradation and induces muscle hypertrophy. Urolithin B inhibits the activity of aromatase, an enzyme that interconverts estrogen and testosterone.

Urolithin B is a natural product with antiproliferative and antioxidant activity. Urolithin B has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier, and may have neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s Disease.

Urolithin B is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannis and exhibits potent anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant activies depending on the assay system and conditions. Urolithin B can also display estrogenic and/or anti-estrogenic activity.

What is Urolithin B use for? Urolithin B (UB) benefits

Urolithin B's Benefits:

Stimulates Muscle Protein Synthesis

Reduces Muscle Protein Breakdown

May Have Muscle Protective Effects

May Have Anti-Aromatase Properties

Urolithin B for muscle mass

Urolithin B can mitigate muscle damage experienced during intense exercise and protect muscle against stresses induced by a high-fat diet. Clinical research on Urolithin B in mice found that it enhanced myotubes growth and differentiation by increasing protein synthesis. It demonstrated an ability to inhibit the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP), the principal mechanism for protein catabolism. It also induced muscle hypertrophy and reduced muscle atrophy.

When compared to testosterone, Urolithin B when taken at 15 uM increased androgen receptor activity by 90% while testosterone was only able to accomplish increased receptor activity of 50% at 100uM. This means that it takes a lot less Urolithin B to increase androgen activity more effectively then the higher amount of testosteronewhich increases androgen activity less effectively.

Moreover, most effective 15uM of Urolithin B larger muscle protein synthesis via 96% when in comparison to 100uM of insulin, which larger muscle protein synthesis via most effective 61%. The belief is that it takes a long way much less Urolithin B to extend muscle protein synthesis with a lot upper degree of effectiveness.

This studies show that Urolithin B can inhibit protein catabolism while simultaneously increase protein synthesis, it is a natural ingredient that helps to build lean muscle while preventing muscle breakdown.

Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass.

What is Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether?

Urolithins are secondary metabolites of ellagic acid derived from ellagitannins. In humans ellagitannins are converted by the gut microflora into ellagic acid which is further transformed into urolithins A, urolithin B, urolithin C and urolithin D in the large intestines.

Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether is the intermediate product during the synthesis of Urolithin A. It is a significant secondary metabolite of ellagitannin and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

How does Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether work?

(1)Antioxidant properties

Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether has an antioxidant effect by reducing free radicals, especially reducing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in certain cell types.

(2)Anti-inflammatory properties

Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether has anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide. They specifically inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA that cause inflammation.

Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether benefits

Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether is an intermediate product in the synthesis process of Urolithin A, and an important secondary metabolite of ellagitannin, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As a metabolite of Urolithin A, it may also have some benefits of Urolithin A:

(1)Can extends lifespan;
(2)Help prevent prostate cancer;
(3)Cognitive enhancement;
(4)Potential for weight loss

The uses of Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether supplements?

Urolithin A supplements is readily found in the market as ellagitannin-rich food source supplements. As a metabolic product of Urolithin A, Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether may also be used in supplements.

However, there is not much datas about its supplement information, and more research is needed.

Reference:

1. Garcia-Muñoz, Cristina; Vaillant, Fabrice (2014-12-02). "Metabolic Fate of Ellagitannins: Implications for Health, and Research Perspectives for Innovative Functional Foods". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 54 (12): 1584–1598. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.644643. ISSN 1040-8398. PMID 24580560. S2CID 5387712.
2. Ryu, D. et al. Urolithin A induces mitophagy and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans and increases muscle function in rodents. Nat. Med. 22, 879–888 (2016).
3. "FDA GRAS notice GRN No. 791: urolithin A". US Food and Drug Administration. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
4. Singh, A.; Andreux, P.; Blanco-Bose, W.; Ryu, D.; Aebischer, P.; Auwerx, J.; Rinsch, C. (2017-07-01). "Orally administered urolithin A is safe and modulates muscle and mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly". Innovation in Aging. 1 (suppl_1): 1223–1224.
5. Heilman, Jacqueline; Andreux, Pénélope; Tran, Nga; Rinsch, Chris; Blanco-Bose, William (2017). "Safety assessment of urolithin A, a metabolite produced by the human gut microbiota upon dietary intake of plant derived ellagitannins and ellagic acid". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 108 (Pt A): 289–297. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.050. PMID 28757461.